today, considerable amount of energy is spent for heating and cooling indoor environments to provide thermal comfort for the building’s residents. Availability of modern heating and cooling systems caused to pay no attention to non-active solutions in the modern architecture. Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming in recent years and high energy consumption in the residential sector caused more attention to be paid on climatic strategies and more effort is made to use such strategies in local and traditional architecture in modern buildings. Building and climatic strategies used in local and traditional buildings for so many years based on trial and error and these experiences are going to be forgotten. The most traditional buildings in hot and dry climates have been comfortable for residences passively compared to modern buildings and consumed less energy for air conditioning. Located in southern part of Iran, Bushehr with hot and humid climate has a spectacular vernacular architecture. It has many creative architectural aspects applied in order to reduce high air temperature and humidity. These features use two main strategies to moderate the harsh weather condition: shading and natural ventilation. This article aims to identify the effects of thermal passive strategies and features used in vernacular architecture of Bushehr through experimental study. As so in the first step, thermally passive features and elements were described. Second two case studies were selected for experimental data study, one in the coastal area and another inside the city context. The main climate variables including air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were recorded in a week from 27th September to 27th October. The sensor data loggers were installed in different spaces in the case studied buildings. Based on the results the average indoor air temperature in case studies is 6% less compared to outdoor temperature. While relative humidity is about 18% less than outdoor relative humidity, indoor wind velocity is in thermal comfort zone. The results show that the main passive features used to provide indoor thermal comfort are natural ventilation and shading and the techniques are as follow: a) Catching desired wind flow from sea. b) Use of light color on exterior building envelops. c) Application of materials with low thermal capacity, such as wood in ceiling, windows and shading devices. d) Application of porous local materials (coral stone and gypsum) to prevent humidity absorption in building envelops. e) Design of deep veranda, and shading elements and semi-open spaces called “Tarmeh” to make cool shading spaces. f) Use of central courtyard to make microclimates with lower air temperature and humidity. g) Room arrangement around a central courtyard to provide natural cross ventilation transferring wind flow from alleys to rooms. h) Considerably high height to width ratio of alleys helping to increase wind flow speed and shade building exterior walls. The lessons learned from Bushehr vernacular architecture can be used to define guidelines for new building design in hot and humid climate which leads to reduction in energy consumption and sustainable architecture.

An essential feature in spatial arrangements of Persian plateau, the central courtyard is an integrated solution for both material and spiritual needs of its inhabitants. The arrangement is much influenced by its surrounding environment both in its formal composition (overall geometry versus the geometry of details), and construction methods (materials and technology). It thus exploits all potential advantages of the environment with the least possible intervention (deformation or pollution). Prudent treatment of natural elements (sun, wind, water, and soil) has created a pleasant comfortable microclimate in the harsh warm desert climate. The "Central Courtyard or the City-House" thus creates a shelter which harmonizes with the sun movement and demonstrates the nature in an intelligent abstract way which bestows it with an archetypal dimension. On the other hand, the progressive Sustainable Architecture approach which values design solutions in response to socioeconomic, cultural and environmental constraints, recommends techniques in line with the central courtyard arrangement in the plateau. Therefore the arrangement can be constituted as functional and thus learnt from in the present context.

Human spends more than 50 percent of his time inside the house, studies have shown that the built environment can affect human health. The unhealthy house can cause many diseases. Unhelthy houses increase the number of asthma, respiratory and skin allergies and lung diseases. Also accidents and domestic injuries are more in these houses. In addition unhealthy houses affect mental and social well being such as: depression, isolation, stress and behavioral abnormalities. The “Healthy House” is not just designing healthy and hygienic shelter, but also includes complete physical, mental and social well being in the house and the environment.The purpose of this paper is to study the meaning of the “Healthy House” and categorize the theories to determine the definition and presents the parameters of the subject. This paper includes four major parts. First, will be determined the definition of health, house and healthy housing. Then, will be considered the importance of the subject and the relationship between the health and the house. Then, will be discussed the literature review and its place in architecture and categorized the healthy parameters of housing and its risk factors. Finally, it considers that the major risk factors of diseases in house are contains of: damp, aerosols, dust, noise, domestic injuries, inappropriate materials, lack of sunlight, overcrowding, social isolation and etc. By finding out the appropriate solutions, these problems will be prevented.

Background: Being exposed to house dust mites intensifies atopic dermatitis. This study has investigated the contamination rate with Dermatophagoides mites in patient's residential home with atopic dermatitis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients took part with atopic dermatitis (positive or negative for mites by prick Dermal Test). Samples were collected from 3 locations (living room, bedroom and bed) by vacuum cleaner. Dust samples (transferred to freezer-20 ˚ C) were examined by direct method and flotation. The data were analyzed using statistical SPSS vr. 20 software. Results: Twenty patients of positive prick test included 8 (40%) male and 12 (60%) female. The results of direct observation of mites: 7 cases (35%) in bedding sheets, 6 cases (30%) bedrooms' carpet, 3 cases (15%) living room's carpet. Twenty patients of negative prick test included 8 (40%) male and 12 (60%) female. Only mites were found (5%) in living room's carpets of negative prick test patients. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was more frequent than Dermatophagoides farinae. (98% vs 83%). Conclusion: Fifty-five percent of residential homes of prick test positive patients and only 5% of residential homes of prick test negative patients were positive for mite. Sunshine provided home had fewer mites than home where sunshine is not provided. Prick test positive patients used handmade carpets more than machine made ones. In positive prick test patients, mites were found in bed sheet and bedroom’ s carpet more than negative prick test patient's sheets and carpets.

The concept of "house" as a family residential center has been treated differently in various times and places depending on residents' expectations and responses. Meanwhile, rural housing not only is a place for living, but also provides necessary spaces for work and production, all gathered in a certain area. However, in the historical village of Abyaneh the concept of house, locally called "Kaya", totally differs from the general understanding of familiar mentioned rural housing. Thus the Kaya is not just a closed and bounded area within four walls. Rather for Abyanehians, house is not merely a room for dwelling, sleeping, cooking, settling, entertaining guests and setting necessities of life, but in fact a combination of some spaces dispersed among or even around the village. Abyanehian families make their bread in the public bakery. They store their equipment, supplies and foodstuff in a room far from their residence. Their fireplace may be located out on the side of alley. Their animals are kept in a shelter in some other part of the village. The farming equipment and husbandry requirements, timber and firewood are stocked in a hand-excavated space called "Kande" on a mountain slope, out of the village. Thus a “combination” of all of these different spaces means the “house” for them.In other words, the group of these detached and spread spaces among the village which belongs to a family forms the "Kaya" or house. From this point of view, an Abyanehian family wherever posses or builds a new space, is expanding his house. This life style has established a most complicated law and regulation system of ownership in the village, which is still ongoing and alive. In this article the concept of "house" is described through considering the life style of abyanehian people, their daily activities and spatial needs. For this purpose, a very precise plan was surveyed from the village's fabric and its different functions. Also plans of more than 60 residential units and some building blocks were provided. At long last, the concept of "house" has been inspected by verifying people's life and various spaces of their houses. Understanding the concept of Abyanehian house leads to have a right perception about this special and complicated type of settlement and its specifications. This might be helpful in probable future physical interventions not only in this village but also in other rural settlements.